Genetic research has uncovered fascinating information about the unique Australian native bilby, known for its distinctive appearance with oversized ears and a stretched snout. Professor Carolyn Hogg from the University of Sydney led a study that sequenced the greater bilby’s genome for the first time, revealing that it has the largest genome of any marsupial with 3.66 billion pieces.
The genetic sequence of the bilby provides valuable insights that can help conservationists focus their efforts on saving the species, which has already disappeared from 80% of its habitat. Bilbies play a crucial role in the ecosystem as they dig in the desert for grubs and seeds, contributing to soil circulation. Understanding their genetic blueprint can also shed light on how they have evolved their incredible sense of smell.
The research, published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, was delayed due to the global pandemic but has now provided essential information on the genetic makeup of the bilby. This culturally significant species for many Indigenous communities offers insights into their growth, evolution, and survival in the harsh desert environment without drinking water.
The genome sequencing has also helped in managing bilby populations in zoos, sanctuaries, and islands by selecting individuals for translocation to maximize genetic diversity. This approach improves the population’s ability to adapt to environmental changes. The genetic information has also enhanced the tracking and monitoring of bilby populations using their scat, allowing for a more accurate assessment of wild populations.
The lesser bilby, the only other member of the bilby marsupial family, is already extinct, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts for the greater bilby. Feral cats, foxes, and rabbits introduced during the European invasion have contributed to the decline in bilby numbers as they compete for food resources. By understanding the genetic makeup of the bilby, researchers can better protect the species and ensure their survival.
Ranger Scott West from the Kiwirrkurra Indigenous Protected Area in Western Australia emphasizes the significance of DNA work in tracking bilbies, identifying their origins, and monitoring their movements. Utilizing technology such as iPads and cameras has improved the mapping and monitoring of bilby populations, enhancing conservation efforts.
Overall, the genome sequencing of the bilby provides valuable information that can aid in the conservation of this unique Australian species. By understanding their genetic makeup and behaviors, researchers and conservationists can work together to protect the bilby and ensure its survival for future generations.
